Alif madda ألف ممدودة
long 'aa' at the start · orphan letter: never joins the letter after it
✍️ Alif ↓ then a wavy madda ABOVE it
آدَم aa-dam = Adam
Position in a word
آIsolated
آInitial (same as isolated)
ـآMedial (same as final)
ـآFinal
Short vowels
آَa · a
آِi / e · i / e
آُu · u
Long vowels
آَاaa · aa
آِيee · ee
آُوuu · uu
Other marks
آْSukun
آّShadda
آًan · an
آٍin · in
آٌun · un
In a word
آدَم